The Gambia gained its independence from the United Kingdom in 1965 and became the Republic of the Gambia in 1970. Following a coup attempt in 1981, Gambia, which is surrounded by Senegal, formed a treaty of federation with its surrounding nation in order to ensure its security. This federation known as Senegambia dissolved in 1989 when Gambia declined moves towards further union, believing it was at risk of losing its own identity. A further military coup in 1994 installed Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH as president and he has been in power since that time, having more latterly been 'democratically' elected.

However the democracy is nominal with Jammeh stating in July 2010, "Whether you like it or not, no coup will end my government, no elections can end my government. By God's grace I will rule this country as long as I wish and choose someone to replace me." He has also commented "Come 2011, whether you vote for me or not, I will win."

Despite recent oil discoveries off its coast, Gambia is a poor country. Only around one sixth of its land is arable and poor soil quality effectively means its only main crop is peanuts. A nation depending on one main export is always vulnerable to international price fluctuations and as such, Gambia is heavily reliant on international aid.

The population of Gambia is just 1.5 million with a life expectancy of around 55 years. 68% of Gambia's rural population live in poverty, however this drops to around 40% in urban areas. For child sponsor opportunities in the Gambia click here.